Colonialism and Social Fragmentation in Chinua Achebe

Abstract

This study examines inequality, exclusion, and social fragmentation in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. While the novel is widely recognized for portraying the impact of British colonialism on Igbo society, this research argues that Achebe also reveals internal inequalities that existed before colonial rule. Through the experiences of Okonkwo, women, the osu, and younger generations, the novel demonstrates how unequal power, exclusion, and the absence of dialogue gradually weaken social unity.
The study aims to explore the relationship between colonialism and internal social divisions by examining how leadership, gender inequality, generational conflict, and the marginalization of certain groups contribute to the fragmentation of Umuofia. It also investigates how these issues relate to Sustainable Development Goal-16 (SDG -16), which promotes peace, justice, strong institutions, and inclusive societies.
This research adopts a qualitative literary approach based on close textual analysis. The novel is examined through postcolonial and feminist perspectives, supported by relevant literary criticism and scholarly sources.
The findings reveal that Achebe presents colonialism not as the sole cause of Umuofia's collapse but as a force that becomes more effective because of existing social divisions within the community. The study concludes that Things Fall Apart highlights the importance of justice, inclusion, mutual respect, and equal participation in building strong and peaceful societies. In doing so, the novel continues to offer valuable insights into contemporary discussions of social justice, leadership, and sustainable development.

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