Impact of Manipur Violence 2023 : a case study of IDPs in Kangpokpi, Churachandpur and Moreh district of Manipur with special reference to women, children, economy, mental health issues, education and healthcare, relief rehalitation resettlement and social exclusion

Abstract

Internal Displaced Persons (IDPs) constitute one of the most vulnerable groups affected by ethnic conflict and conflict-induced migration, often experiencing prolonged displacement within their own countries. Ethnic violence and insecurity frequently trigger humanitarian crises, forcing thousands of people into relief camps where access to adequate shelter, food, clean water, healthcare, education, and sanitation remains insufficient. The challenges associated with relief, rehabilitation, and long-term resettlement extend beyond the immediate provision of humanitarian assistance, encompassing complex socio-economic, political, and psychological dimensions. Displacement often results in significant livelihood loss, unemployment, poverty, and social exclusion, limiting opportunities for sustainable recovery and economic self-reliance. At the same time, IDPs frequently suffer from mental trauma due to violence, displacement, and uncertainty, while inadequate healthcare services further exacerbate their physical and psychological well-being. Women and children are particularly vulnerable, facing heightened risks of gender-based violence, exploitation, child labor, trafficking, interrupted education, and poor maternal and child health. These conditions raise critical human rights issues, underscoring the need to protect the dignity, safety, and fundamental rights of displaced populations. Furthermore, prolonged displacement weakens social cohesion, disrupts traditional community networks, and may contribute to recurring tensions between displaced and host communities. Ensuring effective government security, alongside inclusive policies for relief, rehabilitation, and durable resettlement, is essential for addressing the root causes and consequences of displacement. A comprehensive and rights-based approach that integrates humanitarian assistance, livelihood restoration, healthcare, psychosocial support, and community participation is crucial for promoting resilience, strengthening social cohesion, safeguarding human rights, and achieving sustainable peace and development in conflict-affected regions.

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