CELEBRATIONS AND RITUALS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PALIYARS OF TENKASI DISTRICT - A HISTORICAL STUDY

Abstract

Tribal performing arts have been transformed from religious rituals to rich cultural festivals, upholding the identity and traditions of native communities. These performances were originally highly spiritual, used as rites of passage, healing ceremonies, war ceremonies, and thanksgiving ceremonies to nature and ancestors. Gradually, these ritualistic performances evolved into collective celebrations, incorporating storytelling, music, and dance into festivals celebrating seasonal and social milestones. Contemporary influences such as globalization and media exposure have resulted in tribal performances being adapted with a mixture of traditional and modern elements. Although some of the practices have declined, preservation through cultural festivals, education, and documentation keeps these art forms alive. Contemporary tribal performing arts remain a dynamic means of expression, striking a balance between tradition and innovation. They continue to be an important force for storytelling, cultural maintenance, and communal identity, indicative of the strength and ingenuity of indigenous peoples all over the globe. The Paliyar community is mainly concentrated in the Western Ghats area, which includes parts of the Tenkasi district, as well as areas in Idukki district in Kerala. They live in remote, hilly areas and are often associated with agricultural practices, particularly shifting cultivation.

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