Revisiting the Swadeshi Approach in Contemporary Conflict Situations: Economic Resilience, Self-Reliance, and Strategic Sustainability

Abstract

In recent years, the global economic order has witnessed repeated disruptions arising from geopolitical conflicts, trade wars, and supply chain breakdowns. These developments have exposed the structural vulnerabilities of economies heavily dependent on external sources for critical goods and services. The present study examines the relevance of the Swadeshi approach as a strategic response to such uncertainties. Using a descriptive and analytical framework based on secondary data, the study evaluates how principles of self-reliance, domestic production, and localized supply chains contribute to economic resilience during conflict situations. Empirical references such as India’s import dependence on crude oil (over 85%) and the disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia–Ukraine conflict have been considered. The findings suggest that a calibrated integration of Swadeshi principles with modern economic systems can significantly enhance national stability and long-term sustainability.

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