Efficacy of Lumbopelvic Core Stabilization Training on Pain Intensity and Functional Disability in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A literature Review

Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) represents a highly prevalent global health concern and a primary driver of functional disability across diverse age demographics. the condition severely compromises occupational productivity, restricts activities of daily living (ADLs), and diminishes overall health-related quality of life. Given its multifactorial aetiology and high recurrence rates, establishing optimal conservative management protocols remains a major clinical challenge. In contemporary physical therapy, core stabilization exercises (CSE)—focusing on the neuromotor control of the deep trunk musculature (transversus abdominis, lumbar multifidus, diaphragm, and pelvic floor)—have gained significant traction. ³ This literature review evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of CSE in mitigating pain intensity and reducing functional disability in individuals presenting with low back pain. A comprehensive literature search was executed across peer-reviewed databases, primarily utilizing Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed, to identify high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses investigating core stabilization interventions against conventional exercise or passive modalities. The synthesized data indicate that CSE significantly alleviates pain intensity and optimizes functional recovery, particularly in chronic LBP populations characterized by lumbar spine instability and altered motor control. However, comparative evidence suggests that while CSE provides pronounced short-term benefits, its long-term superiority over general strengthening, stretching, or aerobic conditioning is not universally definitive. CSE serves as a highly effective, evidence-based intervention for LBP rehabilitation. Optimal therapeutic outcomes are achieved when core stabilization is integrated into a comprehensive, multi-modal physical therapy framework that incorporates patient education and progressive functional training.

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